科技与发展图(百年新征程 -- 科技发展图自强)

I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here's what I'm watching:

我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩，以下是我正在关注的：

China's overarching national goals to become an "innovative nation" by 2020, be in the "front ranks" of innovative countries by 2035, and a "global scientific power" by 2050.

中国科技创新的“三步走”总体战略是指: 到2020年成为创新型国家, 到2035年跻身创新型国家前列, 到2050年成为世界科技强国。

China has achieved the first goal – for example, the number of patents filed by Chinese entities now leads the world though quality, while improving, still lags.

中国已经实现了第一个目标，比如说，中国实体申请的专利数量全球领先，专利质量虽然有所提高，但依然相对落后。

But now, in light of disrupting international conditions, led by U.S. sanctions and pressures to decouple science and technology, China has a laser focus on self-reliance in science and technology.

如今，面对波谲云诡的国际形势，面对美国制裁以及科技“脱钩”的压力，中国高度聚焦于科技领域的自主可控。

In formulating the "14th Five-Year Plan," 2021-2025, and in setting a long-range 15-year plan to 2035 — both formalized by the National People's Congress during the 2021 Two Sessions — the CPC, in its 5th Plenum in October 2020, established a "new development stage," developing a "new development philosophy” and applying a “new development paradigm."

在制定 “十四五”规划（2021-2025）和2035远景目标的过程中，两项规划的具体内容在今年“两会”期间的全国人大会议上正式审议通过。中国共产党在2020年10月召开的五中全会上确立了“新发展阶段”， “新发展理念”，和“新发展格局” 。

Clearly, these new development stage, philosophy and paradigm demand that scientific and technological innovation be top priority in order to create new development momentum by accelerating key core technology capabilities and research.

显然，这些新发展阶段，新发展理念和新发展格局要求把科技创新放在首位。通过加快核心技术能力建设和研究，形成新的发展动力。

The 14th Five-year Plan emphasizes artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning, integrated circuit design and manufacturing (semiconductor chips), quantum computing, life sciences and biotechnology(especially brain sciences),and new materials.

“十四五”规划重点强调人工智能与机器学习，集成电路设计与制造半导体芯片，量子计算，生命科学与生物技术, 特别是脑科学,以及新材料等领域。

Technological applications emphasize the digital economy, 5G, intelligent manufacturing,healthcare, alternative energy and new energy vehicles, and space and sea sciences, among others.

在技术应用方面强调数字经济 , 5G，智能制造，医疗卫生，替代能源和新能源汽车, 以及空间科学和海洋科学等。

Chinese experts cite three ways how China's national development over the next five years must stress technological independence and self-reliance.

中国专家认为，未来五年，中国科技发展需要聚焦三大领域，从而实现科技自立自强和自主可控。

First: increase the proportion of original innovation, especially basic research. Currently, the proportion of China's basic research investment of its total R&D investment is below 6%, which is far lower than the 18% in the U.S. and 25% in France.

第一， 提高原创的比例，特别是基础研究的比重。目前，中国基础研究投入占研发总投入的比例不足6%，远低于美国的18%和法国的25%。

Second: continue intelligent industrial upgrading and transformation, transitioning from "following" to "parallel running" or even to "leading" in some high-tech fields.

第二，继续推动产业智能化升级改造，在某些高科技领域从“跟随”转变为“并驾齐驱”，最终实现在某些高科技领域的“领先” 。

Third: prepare for de-globalization and uncoupling of scientific and technological cooperation and supply chains; indigenous innovation must alleviate bottlenecks and make up for shortcomings, particularly in semiconductor chips. China plans to spend $1.4 trillion during the next five years in emerging new technologies:AI, 5G, chips, data centers, and quantum computing.

第三，对于逆全球化，科技封锁和断供问题，要做到防患于未然，自主创新既要解决“卡脖子”问题又要补齐短板，特别是在半导体芯片领域。中国计划在未来五年向新兴技术领域投入1.4万亿美元：这些领域包括人工智能，5G， 芯片，数据中心和量子计算 。

But there are challenges: When huge funds are allocated by government and time-periods are demanded to be short, it is all too easy for resources to be misallocated to well-connected but poorly equipped enterprises, causing inefficiencies, waste, distraction and disappointment.

然而整个过程也充满挑战，政府划拨巨额资金支持产业发展。但由于时间紧，任务重，相关资金容易流入会跑关系的企业中。然而这些企业本身技术不过硬，从而造成资源错配，导致效率低下 资源浪费，偏离正轨，结局糟糕。

In response, the government is tightening peer-review procedures and engaging the private sector. One lens through which to view China's science and technology is that of the New Development Concepts, which fit the new development stage and drive the 14th Five-year Plan.

作为应对，政府正在加强同行评审程序，并让私营企业加入进来。我们可以透过“新发展理念”看中国的科技创新，它契合新发展阶段，推动着“十四五”规划的落实。

I'm keeping watch. I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

我将持续观察，我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩。